One of the well -known quotes: "In fact, parasites killed much more people than all wars in history."Surprising as a simple and sometimes unicellular creature, it is possible to disrupt the work of a great organism.People did not remained in debt.Methods have been developed that allow to identify a parasitic invasion in the early stages and start treatment in a timely manner.Parasitic analyzes in adults can be approved at a regular state hospital and private clinics laboratory.
Who are parasites and how to identify them
Parasites are a large group of organisms capable of existing only due to the owner's resources.They cannot live on their own.The parasites in the human body are fixed on the skin (insects, ticks), in the gastrointestinal tract (Ascarides, worms).In the gut, the most favorable environment for vital parasite activity.There are also creatures that live in the lymphatic vessels (Philiah), in the mucous membranes of the internal organs (trematoda).To gain a position on the host's body, worms and protozoa use cups of suction, hooks, clothing cloths, chitin dishes or hard hair.
It is possible to determine the presence of parasites in the human body and its colony, using the modern laboratory diagnostic methods.What tests should be performed for adult parasites:
- Histological study of stool.
- Serological studies (blood tests): Immunorventory analysis (Elisu), indirect hemaglutination reaction (RNG), immunofluorescence reaction (Recife or Kuns method), complicates the connection reaction.
- PCR analysis.
Often the diagnosis is difficult, because not all parasites have characteristic clinical manifestations, and not all methods are equally sensitive.What is the name of the analysis that needs to be taken, will say the assistant doctor.It is often recommended to do a comprehensive analysis for parasites.
What is the danger of parasites
Parasitic invasions exhaust human immunity greatly.Immunity is one of the components of the body's regulatory system.With immunodeficiency:
Be careful
According to statistics, more than 1 billion people are infected with parasites.You may not even suspect that you have become the victim of parasites.
It is easy to determine the presence of parasites in the body by a symptom - an unpleasant odor of the mouth.Ask the loved ones if you smell your mouth in the morning (before brushing your teeth).In this case, with a probability of 99%, you are infected with parasites.
Parasites infection leads to neurosis, fast fatigue, marked mood swings, more severe diseases begin later.
In menParasites cause: prostatitis, impotence, adenoma, cystitis, sand, kidney stones and bladder.
In women: pain and inflammation of the ovary.Fibroma, fibroid, fibrous-acid mastopathy, inflammation of the adrenal glands, bladder and kidneys are developing.As well as heart and cancer.
We immediately want to warn that you do not need to run to the pharmacy and buy expensive medicines, which, according to pharmacists, will record all parasites.Most drugs are extremely ineffective, and it causes major damage to the body:
- The risk of virus infection increases;
- The level of antioxidant and anti -control protection is reduced;
- There is a violation of vascular permeability and malfunction in hematopoiesis.
Parasites can cause severe allergic reactions.
Heliminants also have a direct harmful effect.They are attached to internal organs with sharp hooks or plates, mechanically damaging mucous membranes.The normal work of the affected body is violated.
Helminth activities harm the body at the molecular level.The insulin, growth factor and collagen rate is reduced.This leads to a slowdown in the processes of growth and physical development.Absorption in the small intestine also decreases.Parasitic infections are characterized by small chronic blood loss of the affected organs.
Recent scientific studies have shown that worms in intestines distinguish specific toxins that suppress cytokine activities.These are information molecules that regulate intercellular contacts.They provide cellular information about the external environment.If there is free space, the cell can start the division.Blocking cytokine work can lead to the formation of a tumor.Cytokines also provide an agreed reaction of immune, nervous and hormonal systems to the action of foreign agents.
Reasons for the delivery of the analysis for parasites
When infected with individual parasites, a person may not feel any symptoms.But over time, the number of helminths increases and the infection begins to manifest.Parasite tests are required if there are symptoms such as abdominal pain of different location that may occur spontaneously or in palpation.
The nature of symptoms depends on the type of parasite.Itching and burning in the anal region cause pinine lines.Askarides cause severe allergic reactions as well as abdominal cramps.Lambia, Echinoccos and Bicondumura affect the liver.They are usually the cause of biliary tract obstruction and cholestase (bile stagnation), gallbladder inflammation.Lightweight faces with fat drops are one of the main signs of liver and pancreas pathology.The symptom of the parasitic effect on the liver and gallbladder is pain in the right hypochondrium.
If several of the listed symptoms appear, it is necessary to go to the hospital to identify parasites in the body in time.Regular preventive tests are required for parasites for children, people who live or work with animals.If meat, lard or raw fish, foamy and slightly salty, are consumed regularly for food, the risk of infection is too high.In this case, it is also necessary to be verified regularly to identify parasites.
Detailed co -owner
A histological copogram is a microscopic stool study to detect eggs, larvae or traces of the vital activity of parasites adults.Detailed feces analysis is a universal method for detecting intestinal helminths (Pinworms, Ascaris, ankylost, plum).
How to do a fecal analysis.You need to buy a special sterile container at a pharmacy.It is filled with fecal masses for one third of the volume.Before defecation, it is necessary to urinate so that the urine does not fall into the sample.The filled container lid is firmly twisted.
Biomaterial can be stored in the refrigerator for no more than 8 hours, after this period, is no longer suitable for research.A week before the analysis, you need to stop taking drugs, exclude fried and greasy dishes.On the eve of the material fence, you cannot put rectal candles, drink a laxative or make enemas.
The main disadvantage of the co -owner is of low efficiency (about 35%).Helminants do not lay eggs every day.Therefore, parasitic feces analysis should be taken three times with a 3-5 day interval.Disordered results can usually be obtained 4-6 days after delivery.
Scraping for parasites
A scraping or spot of the anus area is taken only for the diagnosis of enterobiosis (Pinworms).The stain is taken in two ways:
- using a special spatula or cotton;
- With the help of a tape.
A spatula can be bought in a pharmacy.The stain is removed around the anus and groin.The procedure can be performed at home or at a clinic.The surrounding material is performed in the morning, before that, you cannot wash or pull.If the scraping was made at home, the spatula should be placed in a sealed container or bag and the same day delivered to the laboratory.The result of the analysis can be obtained tomorrow.To make a precise diagnosis, parasites analysis should be sent several times in a row.
Blood tests
You can donate blood to parasites.This is a universal object of laboratory research.In changing its composition, one can judge pathologies within the body.How to identify parasites, examining blood, what tests are donated?An immunosorbent analysis is performed for antibodies and antigens, an indirect hemaglutination reaction and immunofluorescence.In a general blood test, in the presence of parasitic infection in the body, the level of eosinophils is increased.
Elisa
Immunopformal analysis (ELISA) allows to determine the presence and concentration of blood immunoglobulin (antibodies), which are produced in response to the invasion of foreign agents (antigens).IFA analysis is a highly sensitive method that allows to identify antigens even in small quantities.With your help, you can accurately determine the type of parasite, the number of colony, as well as the process development stage.
Elisa for parasites in the human body is deciphered according to five antibody classes.To diagnose Helmintical invasion, there are sufficient immunoglobulins of only three classes:
- Immunoglobulin M (IGM).They are produced 4 days after infection, present in the blood for 6 weeks.The presence of IGM indicates the intensive reproduction of foreign agents.
- Immunoglobulins g (IgG).They enter the bloodstream 20 to 28 days after infection, may be present in plasma for several months or years.The presence of IgG indicates infection.
- Immunoglobulin A (IGA).They are produced two weeks after the penetration of pathogenic organisms, disappear after 5-8 weeks.The presence of IgA indicates an infection or that the body is cleaned.
A blood sample to Elisa is passed in the morning with an empty stomach.
RNA
The reaction of indirect hemaglutination is the most specific and sensitive of all serological methods.The reaction of red blood cells to the action of a variety of antigens is being studied.Evaluate the nature and intensity of red blood cell precipitation.With a high and markedly intense reaction, the bottom of the tube is covered with glued red blood cells.The results of the analysis are deciphered by the assistant doctor.
Rnif
An indirect reaction of immunofluorescence allows to identify an antigen-anticodulation complex.For this, a blood sample is treated with a special serum against immunoglobulins, which contains fluorochrome in the composition.After that, the sample is studied under a fluorescent microscope.
The results are evaluated by the intensity of yellow-green shine.High titles indicate the presence of helmintic invasion.The assistant doctor is involved in decoding the results of the analysis.
Rsk
An antibody with the corresponding antigen is formed by an immune complex that can contact a complement system.This is based on the RSK method (a complement binding reaction).If the antigen-antibody complex is not formed, the complement will remain free.
RSK is used to diagnose the acute phase of parasitic diseases.
PCR diagnosis
Polymerase chain reaction is a modern and high accuracy research method.With your help, you can diagnose the presence of viruses, bacteria, protozoa and intracellular parasites in the body.For analysis, blood and other biological fluids are suitable.
The result of the polymerase chain reaction is the decrypted DNA of the parasite.You can accurately determine the type of pathogenic organism.The disadvantage of PCR is that it is impossible to discover the number of parasites and the stage of development of the disease.
Conclusion
Analyzes for parasitic identification should be done to all people.Regular exams will help avoid huge health problems that cause these small creatures.Which method of analysis is best to choose, the doctor will say.